The Spanish Steps, known as "Scalinata di Trinità dei Monti" in Italian, are a famous monumental staircase in Rome. It is one of the city's most iconic and visited attractions, connecting the Piazza di Spagna (Spanish Square) at the bottom to the Trinità dei Monti church at the top.

Designed by Italian architect Francesco de Sanctis, it was constructed between 1723 and 1725. The staircase has 135 steps and features an elegant butterfly design with three flights of steps and terraces. The bustling Piazza di Spagna is at the base, adorned with a fountain and high-end shops and boutiques.

A beautiful obelisk known as the "Sallustiano Obelisk" stands at its foot, brought to Rome in 1789 from the Sallust Gardens.

Where are the Spanish Steps located?

The Spanish Steps are located in the heart of Rome, in the city's historic centre. They connect the Piazza di Spagna (Spanish Square) to the Trinità dei Monti church. Spagna is the nearest metro station (line A), just a short walk from the Spanish Steps.

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  • Distance from Rome's centre: 1.6 km (25 mins on foot)
  • Address: Piazza di Spagna, 00187 Roma RM, Italy
Rome's map: Spanish Steps distance from the centre

Origin of the Name

The name "Spanish Steps" originates from the fact that the staircase was financed by Étienne Gueffier, a French diplomat representing the Bourbon French Kingdom at the Holy See (Vatican). The Vatican's Spanish Embassy initially controlled the area, hence the name. Featured in numerous films, books, and artworks, the Spanish Steps have become an important cultural symbol of Rome. Various stories often depict them as a meeting point or romantic setting.

The stairs from above. The square is visible on the right, while the church with the obelisk in front is on the left.
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Rules: Authorities have introduced specific regulations to protect the stairs from damage. Sitting on the steps is now prohibited, and violating these rules can result in fines.

History

In the 17th century, the area was a sloping, uneven terrain leading from the square to the church at the top. The church was under the patronage of the French crown during this period.

  • The French Connection: In 1721, Étienne Gueffier, a French diplomat who served as a representative of the Bourbon French Kingdom at the Holy See (Vatican), left a significant sum of money in his will to finance the construction of this monumental staircase. He intended to establish a connection with the church.
  • Design and Construction: The design of the Spanish Steps was entrusted to Italian architect Francesco de Sanctis by Pope Benedict XIII. Construction of the Spanish Steps began in 1723 and was completed in 1725.
  • The Obelisk: As part of the project, the Sallustiano Obelisk, an ancient Roman obelisk dating back to the 1st century AD, was placed in the centre of the square at the base of the stairs, originally brought from Egypt to Rome by Emperor Augustus.
  • Symbol of the Bourbon Kingdom: The staircase aimed to showcase the grandeur and elegance of the French Bourbon Kingdom, which had a strong presence in Rome. The name "Spanish Steps" comes from the Vatican's Spanish Embassy controlling the area.
The Spanish Steps have undergone various renovations and restorations throughout the centuries to preserve their beauty and structural integrity. 
A significant renovation took place in the 19th century, and another major restoration occurred in 2016 with the support of the Bulgari luxury brand.

Description

The Spanish Steps are renowned for their elegant design and distinctive butterfly shape.

  • Layout and Structure: Comprising 135 steps arranged in a series of terraces creates a visually stunning cascading effect. The steps are divided into three main sections, producing an impressive tiered effect.
  • Butterfly Design: The architectural layout resembles a butterfly's wings, with two sweeping arms extending from a central axis. This design element gives the staircase its characteristic and aesthetic appearance.
  • Material: The steps are made of travertine stone, a type of limestone commonly used in historical buildings in Rome. The choice of travertine enhances the visual appeal and ensures durability and longevity.
  • Curved Railings: Elegant railings adorn the sides of the staircase, gracefully curving along the steps. These railings are decorated with small columns and lampposts, adding finesse to the overall design.
  • Fountain: At the base of the Spanish Steps is a beautiful fountain known as the "Fontana della Barcaccia." The fountain is a semi-sunken boat with various decorative elements designed by renowned Baroque sculptors Pietro Bernini and his son Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
  • Obelisk: In the centre of the upper square stands the Sallustiano obelisk, providing an ancient touch to an otherwise Baroque-style monument.
  • Floral Decorations: During certain times of the year, especially in spring, the steps are adorned with colourful flowers, creating a vibrant and picturesque sight. These floral decorations enhance the charm and allure of the monument.

The graceful design and captivating beauty of the Spanish Steps have turned them into an architectural masterpiece and a beloved symbol of Rome's rich history and cultural heritage. They continue to captivate the imagination of visitors and remain a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the Eternal City.

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